Dyscalculia is a specific learning disorder that affects a person’s ability to understand numbers and mathematical concepts. It is not caused by low intelligence or poor teaching, but by difficulties in processing numerical information.
Individuals with dyscalculia may find it hard to:
- Grasp basic arithmetic concepts
- Perform calculations accurately
- Understand numerical reasoning
- Tell time
- Manage money
Despite these challenges, their overall intelligence is often average or above average in other areas.
Management of Dyscalculia
1. Early Identification and Assessment
- Conduct psychological and educational assessments to identify specific areas of difficulty.
- Observe patterns of struggle in daily math-related activities.
2. Individualised Instruction
- Provide one-on-one or small-group support focused on concrete and practical learning experiences.
- Use multisensory teaching methods (visual, auditory, and kinaesthetic).
3. Use of Teaching Aids
- Use tools such as number lines, counters, abacuses, charts, and visual models.
- Apply real-life examples (e.g., counting money or measuring ingredients) to make mathematics meaningful.
4. Technology and Tools
- Use educational apps and software designed to support numeracy development.
- Allow calculators and visual aids to reduce stress and build confidence.
5. Step-by-Step Learning
- Break mathematical concepts into small, manageable steps.
- Provide regular practice with positive reinforcement.
6. Emotional and Motivational Support
- Encourage a positive attitude towards mathematics through patience and praise.
- Reduce math anxiety by creating a supportive, stress-free learning environment.
7. Collaboration
- Teachers, parents, and special educators should work together to develop an Individualised Education Plan (IEP).
- Review progress regularly and adjust strategies as needed.