Atomic Structure: Concept of Nuclear Atom – electron, proton and neutron (charge and mass), Rutherford’s model and its limitations, atomic number, Extra nuclear structure; Line spectra of hydrogen atom, Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom and its limitations, Quantization of energy (Planck’s equation E = hν), Somerfield’s modifications (elementary idea), The four quantum numbers, The Aufbau Principle; Pauli’s Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule, ground state electronic configurations of many electron atoms and mono – atomic ions.
Coordination Compounds: Introduction, coordination compounds (examples only), Werner’s theory, coordination number (examples of coordination number 4 and 6 only), Double salts and complex salts, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds.
The Periodic Table and Chemical Families: Modern periodic law (based on atomic number), Modern periodic table based on electronic configurations, Types of elements – representative (s-block and p- block), transition (d-block) elements and inner transition (f-block/lanthanides and actinides) and their general characteristics, groups (Gr. 1-18) and periods.
Gaseous State: Measurable properties of gases, absolute scale of temperature, Boyle’s Law and Charles Law, kinetic theory of gases, root mean square and most probable velocities and their relationship with temperature, ideal gas equation – average, Daltons Law of partial pressure, Deviations from ideal behavior, Grahams Law of gaseous diffusion, Liquefaction of gases, real gases, van der Waals equation, Numerical problems.
Hydrogen: Occurrence, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen, Position of hydrogen in periodic table, hydrides-ionic covalent and interstitial, heavy water, hydrogen peroxide – preparation, reactions and structure and use, physical and chemical properties of water, hydrogen as a fuel.
Chemical Dynamics: Factors affecting the rate of chemical reactions (concentration, pressure, temperature, catalyst), Arrhenius equation and concept of activation energy, Concept of collision theory, Order and molecularity (determination excluded), First order reactions, half – life (numerical problems), examples of first order and second order reactions, rate constant.
General principles of metallurgy: Occurrence, concentration of ores, mineral wealth of India, production and purification of metals, Typical metals (Na, Ca, Al, Fe, Cu and Zn) – occurrence, extraction, purification (where applicable), properties and reactions with air, water, acids and non-metals. Manufacture of steels and alloy steel (Bessemer, Open-Hearth and L.D. process).
Chemistry in Industry: Large scale production (including physicochemical principles where applicable, omitting technical details) and Ammonia (Haber’s process), uses of Sulphuric acid (contact process), Nitric acid (Ostwald’s process), sodium carbonate (Solvey process).
Environmental Chemistry: Common modes of pollution of air, water and soil, important chemical reactions in the atmosphere, Ozone layer, ozone hole, Smog; major atmospheric pollutants, Global warming pollution due to industrial wastes, Green House effect, green chemistry as an alternative tool for reducing pollution, strategies for control of environment pollution.
Hybridization of carbon: σ – and π – bonds, Isomerism – constitutional and stereoisomerism, IUPAC nomenclature of simple organic compounds – hydrocarbons, Geometrical and optical isomerism of compounds containing upto two asymmetric carbon atoms, mono and functional molecules only (alicyclic and heterocyclic compounds excluded).
